Optimal Conversion of Organic Wastes to Value-Added Products: Toward a Sustainable Integrated Biorefinery in Denmark

It is crucial to leave behind the traditional linear economy approach. Shifting the paradigm and adopting a circular (bio)economy seems to be the strategy to decouple economic growth from continuous resource extraction. To this end, producing bio-based products that aim to replace a part, if not all, of the fossil-based chemicals and fuels is a promising step. This can be achieved by using multi-product integrated biorefineries that convert organic wastes into chemicals, fuels, and bioenergy to optimize the use and close the materials and energy loops.